WINTER BONUS MAGAZINE 2026

Step-down feeding strategies Step-down feeding is primarily applied during mid-gestation. The objective is to meet maintenance requirements without promoting excessive fat deposition. Overfeeding during periods of low demand can reduce voluntary feed intake during lactation and increase the risk of metabolic disorders. However, excessive restriction should be avoided. Studies demonstrate that a sow experiencing severe body weight loss during lactation exhibits reduced implantation rates and foetal survival in subsequent gestation. Therefore, step-down feeding must always be guided by objective body condition measurements. Body conditionmanagement and feeding curve adjustment Assessment methods Accurate assessment of body condition is essential for implementing step-up and step- down feeding. Common methods include visual condition scoring, backfat measurement, muscle depth, and body weight recording. Among these, body weight and backfat measurements provide the most reliable indicators of energy and protein reserves. Visual condition scoring alone shows low correlation with actual backfat levels and should not be used as the sole decision-making tool. Regular weighing and backfat measurement at farrowing, weaning, and during gestation enable individualised feeding strategies. Impact on reproductive performance Excessive body weight loss during lactation has a well-documented negative effect on subsequent reproductive performance. Weight loss exceeding approximately 13–15% is associated with reduced pregnancy rates, fewer implantation sites, and lower foetal survival. Early gestation step-up feeding is therefore critical for sows recovering from high lactational losses. Figure 3: An illustration of a body condition scoring chart Conclusions and recommendations Step-up and step-down feeding strategies are essential components of modern sow nutrition programmes. When tailored to parity, gestation phase, and individual body condition, these strategies support optimal reproductive performance, minimise excessive body reserve mobilisation, and enhance sow longevity. As productivity continues to increase, precision feeding based on objective measurements will be critical for sustainable swine production.