BONUS SPRING SUMMER 2025

feed impacts bird health and carcass quality, sometimes with surprising results. In resource-limited farms, the two-phase approach is common, but often without precise monitoring. Visual checks replace scales, and birds are sold alive. At larger, better-equipped farms, the two- phase feeding strategy was tested under controlled conditions. While mortality rates stay low, hitting growth targets proves challenging. Why does removing the grower Aspect Description Advantages of two-phase feeding Limitations of two-phase feeding Potential outcomes of skipping the grower phase Nutrient timing Importance of feeding specific nutrients at appropriate growth stages. Simplifies feed management and reduces procurement/ storage. May lead to nutrient imbalances during the critical mid- growth phase. Birds may underperform on growth or accumulate excessive fat. Feed complexity Number of distinct feed rations used in the programme. Lower feed complexity, easier to manage. Loss of targeted nutrition during growth phases. Compromised growth efficiency and carcass quality. Market targeting Suitability of feed programme for informal versus formal markets. Acceptable for informal markets, tolerant of higher fat. Not suitable for processors requiring lean, uniform carcasses. May limit market access or reduce product quality. Growth performance (21–30 days) Critical period for muscle accretion and controlled fat deposition. A two-phase system reduces management and cost. Reduced muscle gain and increased fat deposition. Weight gain below target and fat accumulation in carcases. Carcass composition Muscle-to-fat ratio affected by feeding strategy. Cost savings are potentially prioritised over carcass quality. Increased fat- to-muscle ratio in carcasses. Poor grading results and reduced commercial value. Timing is everything: How nutrient delivery shapes growth and quality Making two-phase feeding work: practical tips for producers Cutting costs is only part of the story. Here is how producers can tweak finisher feed, monitor growth, balance amino acids, and align feeding goals with market demands to optimise outcomes even with a simplified system. phase slow growth even when management is top-notch? Let’s unpack the facts. Table 2: Advantages and limitations of skipping the grower ration. www.agribonus.co.za Spring/Summer 2025 BONUS 63