SPRING SUMMER BONUS MAGAZINE 2026

Cow dominance and social behaviour Social hierarchy plays a major role in determining water access within a herd. Dominant cows frequently control access to resources such as feed bunks, resting areas, and water troughs. Subordinate cows may therefore spend less time at watering points, particularly when trough space is limited or when only a single watering point is available. These cows often consume less water and subsequently less feed, which can negatively affect production. The impact of dominance becomes more pronounced when troughs are small, poorly positioned, or unable to accommodate multiple animals simultaneously. Providing large troughs and multiple access points allows more cows to drink at the same time and reduces competition (see case study below). This is particularly important in larger herds where social pressure can significantly influence drinking behaviour. Water temperature Water temperature can significantly influence water intake. Research has shown that cattle generally prefer water temperatures of between 10 and 20°C. During periods of hot weather, cows often increase their water consumption, and cool drinking water can provide temporary relief from heat stress as it absorbs body heat. As environmental temperatures rise above 27°C, water requirements may increase substantially due to increased sweating and respiration rates. Conversely, when temperatures fall below 10°C, water intake may decrease. Reduced water intake during cold weather often occurs because cows are less inclined to consume large quantities of cold water. This can indirectly reduce feed intake and milk production. For this reason, maintaining easy access to fresh water throughout the year remains important, regardless of the season. Body weight (kg) Milk produced (L) Heifer/calf 90 - 9,0 11,3 14,9 180 - 16,7 20,1 27,5 360 - 28,4 35,6 47,7 540 - 39,1 48,6 65,3 Dry cow a 630 - 43,1 54,0 72,9 720 - 46,8 57,6 77,9 Lactating cow b 630 9,0 27,0 36,0 45,0 54,0 99,0 121,5 140,0 55,3 117,5 143,6 169,0 80,6 138,2 174,2 205,7 Ambient temperature Water intake (L) at 4ºC Water intake (L) at 16ºC Water intake (L) at 27ºC Table 1: Water intake of dairy cattle according to SANS 1694:2018 a Support and upkeep pregnancy b Support and upkeep milk production www.agribonus.co.za Spring/Summer 2026 BONUS 93