WINTER BONUS MAGAZINE 2026

Maize silage plays a central role inmodern dairy production, providing a consistent, energy-rich forage that supports milk production, animal health, and overall farmprofitability. However, the value of maize silage is not determined by feeding, but rather by howwell it is managed from the moment it is harvested through to storage and feed-out. Each step in the silage-making process, fromharvesting, compaction, fermentation, and storage, directly influences the final quality of the feed. Poor management at any stage can result in significant nutrient losses, spoilage, and reduced animal performance, while goodmanagement ensures a high-quality, stable feed source. The foundation: harvest maturity Harvesting maize at the correct stage of maturity is the foundation of successful silage production. The ideal dry matter content for maize silage is between 32–35%, which typically corresponds to a milk line positioned ½ to ¾ down the kernel. Figure 1: Milk line identification on a maize kernel Timing risks Harvesting at the correct stage is essential because it directly influences silage quality, moisture content, and starch levels. If harvested too early, the crop contains excess moisture and low starch, leading to poor fermentation and nutrient losses. If harvested too late, the material becomes too dry, making compaction difficult and increasing spoilage risk. Farmers can avoid these problems by carefully monitoring crop maturity and aiming for a dry matter content of 32–35%, which ensures optimal preservation and feed quality. For the farmer, this results in higher-quality silage, reduced losses, and improved milk production. Mechanical factors Proper mechanical management during harvesting plays a key role in how well silage is preserved and utilised. Factors such as chop length, kernel processing, and cutting height affect compaction, fermentation, and digestibility. Poor settings can lead to inefficient fermentation and increased wastage. Farmers can prevent this by maintaining a chop length of 10–15 mm, ensuring effective kernel processing, and adjusting cutting height appropriately. For the farmer, this leads to better compaction, improved fermentation, and more efficient use of feed. The importance of proper maize silage production: fromharvesting to storage Jano Kelsey – Technical Advisor: Dairy Winter 2026 BONUS www.agribonus.co.za 88